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Isaac Newton’s law of universal gravitation is many things – revolutionary, elegant, mysterious – but, as it turns out, one thing we know for sure is that it’s not, well, universal. On the scale of our solar system, Newton’s observation – that objects attract one another with a force proportional to their mass and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them – holds up. But, as with so many mathematical laws, when it comes to black holes, things break down. The law also doesn’t work for the kinds of objects we interact with in our daily life, such as people, pencils and peanuts. This scale has proven extremely tricky to measure, and it gets even more imprecise at the scale of particles. This short animated explainer from MinutePhysics dissects the many things we know about gravitational force, and the many things we still have left to learn.
Video by MinutePhysics
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Chemistry
Why do the building blocks of life possess a mysterious symmetry?
12 minutes
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Cosmology
Tiny, entangled universes that form or fizzle out – a theory of the quantum multiverse
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Astronomy
The history of astronomy is a history of conjuring intelligent life where it isn’t
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Metaphysics
Simple entities in universal harmony – Leibniz’s evocative perspective on reality
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Biography and memoir
Passed over as the first Black astronaut, Ed Dwight carved out an impressive second act
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Engineering
A close-up look at electronic paper reveals its exquisite patterns – and limitations
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Cognition and intelligence
What’s this buzz about bees having culture? Inside a groundbreaking experiment
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Earth science and climate
The only man permitted in Bhutan’s sacred mountains chronicles humanity’s impact
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Cosmology
The Indian astronomer whose innovative work on black holes was mocked at Cambridge
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