In René Descartes’s landmark work Meditations on First Philosophy (1641), a narrator sets out to dispense with beliefs that can’t be accepted as true for certain. This disqualifies sensory experience, with all its faults, and eventually even the principles of mathematics, which an omnipotent evil being could conceivably manipulate him into believing. Then, contemplating what could possibly be certain, the narrator concludes he undeniably exists as ‘a thing which thinks’. This premise – later summed up as ‘cogito, ergo sum’, or ‘I think, therefore I am’ – is one of the most influential concepts in the history of ideas and, in its forced distinction between mind and body, lies at the foundation of contemporary philosophy of mind. This experimental video essay from Epoché Magazine pairs text excerpted from the book’s Second Meditation, in which the narrator arrives at this initial kernel of absolute truth, with a haunting score and vintage visuals that cleverly draw on themes of selfhood and the uncertainties of sensory experience.
Video by Epoché Magazine
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Metaphysics
What do past, present and future mean to a philosopher of time?
55 minutes
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Ethics
Plato saw little value in privacy. How do his ideas hold up in the information age?
5 minutes
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Virtues and vices
Why Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Adam Smith were divided on the virtues of vanity
5 minutes
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Bioethics
What a 1970 experiment reveals about the possibility and perils of ‘head transplants’
6 minutes
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Neuroscience
Dog vision is a trendy topic, but what can we really know about how they see?
11 minutes
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Political philosophy
Beyond the veil – what rules would govern John Rawls’s ‘realistic Utopia’?
6 minutes
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Thinkers and theories
A rare female scholar of the Roman Empire, Hypatia lived and died as a secular voice
5 minutes
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Metaphysics
Simple entities in universal harmony – Leibniz’s evocative perspective on reality
4 minutes
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Ethics
For Iris Murdoch, selfishness is a fault that can be solved by reframing the world
6 minutes