Science

Essays and videos exploring physics, evolution, cosmology and other frontiers in science

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Photo of an old computer monitor discarded in nature, surrounded by grass and twigs under a cloudy sky.

essayEthics

Can machines suffer?

We once denied the suffering of animals in pain. As AIs grow more complex, we run the danger of making the same mistake

Conor Purcell

Photo of moths flying around a bright light against a dark background at night.

videoBiology

Do we finally understand why winged insects seem drawn to light?

7 minutes

A herd of elephants walking through a dusty landscape with a blurred background of trees and bushes.

essayBiology

Desert survivors

Elephant families are matriarchal, inclusive and caring. But when environmental scarcity hits, everything changes

Caitlin O’Connell-Rodwell

Black-and-white photo of a man diving mid-air against the sky, arms extended and wearing swim briefs.

videoRituals and celebrations

The Mexican cliff divers who take dazzling leaps into the unknown

23 minutes

A black hole, showing a glowing orange-red ring surrounded by darkness, captured by a telescope.

essayCosmology

Cosmic imposters

We know that black holes are strange, but they could be hiding something even weirder beyond their horizons

Gideon Koekoek

Photo of rugged limestone formations at sunset with a partly cloudy sky and sea visible in the background.

essayEarth science and climate

Our phosphorescent world

This life-giving element, stored in rock and organic material, moves around Earth in an ancient cycle we have just broken

Jack Lohmann

Abstract digital artwork with smooth gradients of red and orange hues creating a warm, flowing appearance.

essayIllness and disease

The inflammation age

Acute inflammation helps the body heal. But chronic inflammation is different and could provoke a medical paradigm shift

Amy K McLennan

Artwork of a large brown planet and a smaller blue one in space with stars in the background.

videoAstronomy

Why exomoons could be astronomy’s next big breakthrough

35 minutes

Photo of a lone bench facing turbulent ocean waves under a cloudy sky. The area is partially flooded by the sea.

essayEarth science and climate

The model of catastrophe

The immense complexity of the climate makes it impossible to model accurately. Instead we must use uncertainty to our advantage

David Stainforth

Illustration of a blue baby with symbols of heart, ear, bone, eye, tooth, brain, and lips around it on a white background.

videoBioethics

When, if ever, is selecting a ‘designer baby’ ethical?

5 minutes

An ant on a twig against a pastel pink and purple background with its reflection on a glossy surface.

essayBioethics

The ant you can save

Should we simply assume that all animals can feel pain and are of moral concern? Or is that taking things too far?

Jeff Sebo & Andreas L Mogensen

Collage art of a man’s face with colourful lines and words on a vibrant pink and teal background.

essayMusic

Mapping Bob Dylan’s mind

Generative AI sheds new light on the underlying engines of metaphor, mood and reinvention in six decades of songs

Prashant Garg

A vast open-pit coal mine with excavation machinery surrounded by green hills.

essayEnvironmental history

Are you Confusedocene?

As a scientific concept the Anthropocene is dead. But it’s such a helpful idea to think with, should we use it anyway?

Ville Lähde

Photo of a close-up saltmarsh sparrow’s head against a blue sky and grassy landscape background.

videoEcology and environmental sciences

Racing rising tides, volunteers work to save a bird on the brink

25 minutes

A detailed NASA photo of Mars showing the Valles Marineris canyon system with cratered terrain and dust-streaked surface.

essayCosmology

Megastructures on Mars

Images of vast ‘canals’ rippling across the red planet inspired fears of alien ‘engineers’ and changed science forever

Dagomar Degroot

A man in casual clothes observes an indoor exhibit with lifelike animal and human statues surrounded by tropical plants.

essayKnowledge

Valuable misunderstandings

Scientific progress depends on disagreement. So why are vaccine sceptics and other science critics not worth listening to?

Collin Rice & Kareem Khalifa

Aerial view of a motorway intersection split by a pink line with abstract purple patterns below, in a photo.

videoMusic

Watch as the rhythms of traffic create a mesmerising score

2 minutes

Ancient codex illustration with figures and symbols in red and black ink on a weathered surface.

videoHistory of technology

The Americas’ oldest book is an intricate work of Maya astronomy

9 minutes

Photo of an orange caterpillar hanging from a green leaf against a turquoise background.

videoEcology and environmental sciences

Close-ups reveal how caterpillars live long enough to cocoon

9 minutes

Painting of a man with a spear through his eye and head, showing a surreal and dramatic portrayal with detailed features.

essayHistory of science

Monstrification

For centuries we’ve used the declaration of ‘monster’ to eject individuals and groups from being respected as fully human

Surekha Davies

Abstract organic matter with black circular patterns on a vibrant green background featuring various shapes and textures.

videoComplexity

A radical reimagining of physics puts information at its centre

13 minutes

essayMedicine

Learning to not-know

From late-night calls to unsolved symptoms, uncertainty is woven into every doctor’s day. They should learn to embrace it

Zoe Cunniffe

Photo of a humpback whale underwater, showing its head and eye against a deep blue background.

videoBiology

What would it mean if we were able to ‘speak’ with whales?

65 minutes

A person in blue jeans and black jacket resting in an alcove in an old red brick wall.

essaySleep and dreams

What sleep is

It is our biggest blind spot, a bizarre experience that befalls us every day, and can’t be explained by our need for rest

Vladyslav Vyazovskiy