Menu
Aeon
DonateNewsletter
SIGN IN

Science

Essays and videos exploring physics, evolution, cosmology and other frontiers in science
Bright yellow bird building a nest with grass on a branch surrounded by green leaves.
Save

video

Engineering

For one of nature’s great builders, finding a mate means weaving the perfect nest

4 minutes

Close-up image of a jumping spider showing its detailed features, including multiple eyes, hairy legs, and fangs. The spider is facing forward with a white background.
Save

essay

Evolution

What is intelligent life?

Our human minds hold us back from truly understanding the many brilliant ways that other creatures solve their problems

Abigail Desmond & Michael Haslam

Bees push coloured tabs to access a sugary reward
Save

video

Cognition and intelligence

What’s this buzz about bees having culture? Inside a groundbreaking experiment

8 minutes

Close-up of a person’s hand gently holding the wet snout of a black cow, with a blurred green background.
Save

essay

Evolution

Kinship

Science must become attuned to the subtle conversations that pervade all life, from the primordial to the present

David Waltner-Toews

Close-up of several reddish-brown ants on soil, with one carrying small white eggs. The background is blurry, focusing attention on the ants.
Save

essay

Animals and humans

Ant geopolitics

Over the past four centuries quadrillions of ants have created a strange and turbulent global society that shadows our own

John Whitfield

Illustration of a prehistoric forest with various dinosaurs, including herbivores, a pterosaur flying, and a small carnivorous mammal-like creature.
Save

essay

Palaeontology

The dinosaurs didn’t rule

When we think of changes in Earth’s history as changes of dynasty we miss out on understanding how life really works

Riley Black

Illustration showing a grid of nine eyes, each uniquely stylised, depicting a variety of creatures, including a human with a blue iris, a cat with a vertical slit pupil, and a toad with a heart-shaped pupil.
Save

video

Biology

To understand how an animal sees the world, start with the shape of its pupils

5 minutes

Blue Betta fish with flowing fins swimming in a black background.
Save

essay

Genetics

Evolution without accidents

Despite advances in molecular genetics, too many biologists think that natural selection is driven by random mutations

James A Shapiro

Close-up of a green gecko with red markings and blue eyes, clinging upside down to a leaf.
Save

video

Biology

The key to geckos’ unrivalled climbing skills isn’t sticky feet. It’s subatomic

4 minutes

Cartoon of a yellow character with pink hair buns, holding a small blue puppy, set against a light blue background.
Save

video

Human evolution

Far from frivolous, cuteness is a powerful – and still mysterious – force of nature

6 minutes

Photograph of a small green frog with bright red eyes sitting on the edge of a green leaf, surrounded by darkness.
Save

essay

Physics

Time is an object

Not a backdrop, an illusion or an emergent phenomenon, time has a physical size that can be measured in laboratories

Sara Walker & Lee Cronin

Close-up of a kiwi bird with a long beak and shaggy brown feathers, standing against a white background.
Save

essay

Human evolution

How like the kiwi we are

To understand helpless human babies, our big brains and oddly involved dads, look to the evolution of birds not mammals

Antone Martinho-Truswell

Graphic of a chimpanzee and two colourful, masked figures in lab coats standing behind a chessboard on a purple background.
Save

video

Evolution

Why making if-then connections might be the key to consciousness

5 minutes

Colourful coral reef underwater with vibrant pink and yellow corals, small fish swimming among them, and a reflective water surface above.
Save

essay

Earth science and climate

Our Earth, shaped by life

Darwin was the first to see that all lifeforms, from worms to corals, transform the planet. What does that mean for us?

Olivia Judson

Close-up of a jumping spider with hairy legs and multiple eyes, sitting on a leaf with a blurred yellow-green background.
Save

video

Biology

To understand the limits of human senses, look to the wild world of animal cognition

45 minutes

Close-up of a colourful crab with a large claw on a muddy surface, displaying prominent eye stalks.
Save

video

Evolution

Symmetry rules life on Earth – but it comes with many fascinating exceptions

9 minutes

Close-up of a vibrant moth with orange and black patterned wings against a green background.
Save

video

Biology

There’s no one way for an insect to fly, but they’re all amazing in close up and slo-mo

7 minutes

A boy sleeps sitting against a resting cow on a paved street, surrounded by pigeons.
Save

essay

Consciousness and altered states

Seeing and somethingness

An evolutionary approach to consciousness can resolve the ‘hard problem’ – with radical implications for animal sentience

Nicholas Humphrey

Loon swimming on a misty lake with a dark forest in the background, creating a serene and tranquil atmosphere.
Save

essay

Evolution

Fortune favours the shrewd

Attaining and maintaining power lies at the heart of almost all animal societies. And it’s as devious as human politicking

Lee Alan Dugatkin

A whale seen underwater from below, white lines emanate from it, representing sound
Save

video

Biology

Like pop music, humpback whale songs spread, mutate, and fall out of fashion

9 minutes

Microscopic image of a green cell adjacent to a larger pink cell on a black background.
Save

essay

Evolution

What on earth is a xenobot?

The more we understand how cells produce shape and form, the more inadequate the idea of a genomic blueprint looks

Philip Ball

Japanese macaques relaxing in a hot spring with a snowy landscape in the background. Several monkeys are at the water’s edge, while others are bathing.
Save

essay

Evolution

Connected-up-brains

Bat friends, monkeys sharing, and humans holding hands: the brains of social animals synchronise and expand one another

Sofia Quaglia

Close-up of tiny purple sphere-like fungi growing on a dried brown leaf edge, with a soft out-of-focus background.
Save

essay

Biology

The split-body problem

Why we need to stop thinking about parents, offspring and sex when we try to understand how life reproduces itself

Gunnar O Babcock

Half-submerged view of a vibrant coral reef underwater with a sandy island and a clear blue sky in the background.
Save

essay

Evolution

The web of life

Classic evolutionary theory holds that species separate over time. But it’s fuzzier than that – now we know they also merge

Juli Berwald