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We can never fully access another person’s perspective, but to what extent do our individual private experiences matter when it comes to language and shared understanding? According to the early 20th-century Austrian-British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, the answer is ‘not at all’. A distilled rendering of Wittgenstein’s so-called ‘private language argument’, Wittgenstein’s Beetle in the Box Analogy explains why he believed that the meaning behind language inevitably lay in our shared understanding, and not in our private minds, because we simply can’t access each other’s experiences or sensations.
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Virtues and vices
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Art
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Metaphysics
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Spirituality
Through rituals of prayer, a monk cultivates a quietly radical concept of freedom
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Art
Radical doodles – how ‘exquisite corpse’ games embodied the Surrealist movement
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Ethics
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Animals and humans
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Virtues and vices
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Beauty and aesthetics
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