From the three-headed man-eater of Dante’s Inferno to the Mephistopheles of German folklore, clad and caped in red in a Goethe-penned stage production, depictions of Satan have mutated into a fearsome multitude of pitchfork-wielding, fire-summoning and otherwise malevolent creatures. But how did a somewhat minor character from the Old Testament evolve into a versatile shorthand for all manner of human evil? Featuring a parade of the many meme-ified devils that have come to permeate the public imagination, this crafty animation from TED-Ed provides a brief history of how some of Satan’s most infamous forms came to be.
The devils you know – how Satan became a versatile stand-in for all manner of evil

videoThe ancient world
Meet the absentee gods and nefarious spirits of ancient Mesopotamia
6 minutes

videoArt
Grotesque imagery meets religious conservatism in Hieronymus Bosch’s art
51 minutes

videoPhilosophy of religion
What, if anything, makes an all-good god less absurd than an all-evil one?
4 minutes

videoStories and literature
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15 minutes

videoHistory
Hags, seductresses, feminist icons – how gender dynamics manifest in witches
13 minutes

videoAnimals and humans
Why be dragons? How massive, reptilian beasts entered our collective imagination
58 minutes

videoPhilosophy of religion
How could a benevolent god allow evil? Is it really just a matter of free will?
2 minutes

videoRituals and celebrations
Dance with the devil: the colourful Mexican art form that summons demons
6 minutes

videoRituals and celebrations
Are mushrooms, shamans and ancient rituals at the root of the Santa Claus story?
7 minutes