From the three-headed man-eater of Dante’s Inferno to the Mephistopheles of German folklore, clad and caped in red in a Goethe-penned stage production, depictions of Satan have mutated into a fearsome multitude of pitchfork-wielding, fire-summoning and otherwise malevolent creatures. But how did a somewhat minor character from the Old Testament evolve into a versatile shorthand for all manner of human evil? Featuring a parade of the many meme-ified devils that have come to permeate the public imagination, this crafty animation from TED-Ed provides a brief history of how some of Satan’s most infamous forms came to be.
The devils you know – how Satan became a versatile stand-in for all manner of evil

videoThe ancient world
Meet the absentee gods and nefarious spirits of ancient Mesopotamia
6 minutes

videoArt
Grotesque imagery meets religious conservatism in Hieronymus Bosch’s art
51 minutes

videoPhilosophy of religion
What, if anything, makes an all-good god less absurd than an all-evil one?
4 minutes

videoPhilosophy of religion
How could a benevolent god allow evil? Is it really just a matter of free will?
2 minutes

videoStories and literature
The key to a vampire’s immortality? Meeting the anxieties of the moment
15 minutes

videoHistory
Hags, seductresses, feminist icons – how gender dynamics manifest in witches
13 minutes

videoAnimals and humans
Why be dragons? How massive, reptilian beasts entered our collective imagination
58 minutes

videoRituals and celebrations
Dance with the devil: the colourful Mexican art form that summons demons
6 minutes

videoRituals and celebrations
Are mushrooms, shamans and ancient rituals at the root of the Santa Claus story?
7 minutes