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The early ancestors of plants were simple forms of algae, which drifted rootless through fresh waters. Most biologists believe that, only when algae partnered with a very different life form – fungi – some 470 million years ago, was it able thrive on land. Indeed, today some nine in 10 land plants exist in symbiosis with what’s known as ‘mycorrhizal’ fungi, which helps their roots to extract nutrients from the ground. This animation from the Society for the Protection of Underground Networks and the Fungi Foundation details how this hidden relationship operates, the vital role these underground fungal networks play in ecosystems worldwide, and the threats they currently face due to human activity.
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Archaeology
What’s an ancient Greek brick doing in a Sumerian city? An archeological investigation
16 minutes
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Family life
The migrants missing in Mexico, and the mothers who won’t stop searching for them
21 minutes
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Ecology and environmental sciences
The tree frog die-off that sparked a global mystery – and revealed a dark truth
15 minutes
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History
From Afghanistan to Virginia – the Muslims who fought in the American Civil War
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Family life
One family’s harrowing escape from postwar Vietnam, told in a poignant metaphor
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Fairness and equality
Visit the small Texas community that lives in the shadow of SpaceX launches
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Film and visual culture
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War and peace
A frontline soldier’s moving account of the fabled ‘Christmas truce’ of 1914
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History of technology
Replicating Shakespearean-era printing brings its own dramas and comedy
19 minutes